Cartesian Coordinate System The system expects a formula in terms of X, Y, and Z. Z is a function of X & Y which both go from -1 to 1'. Spherical Coordinate System The system expects a formula in terms of radius, phi, and theta. radius is a function of theta (0 to PI) and phi (0 to 2xPI)'. Toroidal Coordinate System The system expects a formula in terms of radius, phi, and theta. radius is a function of theta (0 to PI) and phi (0 to 2xPI)'. Cylindrical Coordinate System The system expects a formula in terms of radius, phi, and Z. Z is a function of radius (0 to 1) and phi (0 to 2xPI)'. Cylindrical Coordinate System The system is using cartesian coordinates but expecting a parametric equation. That means The system expects a formula in terms of x,y,z,u and v. Helper Variables You can use any of the following as helper variables: xx, yy, zz, rr, phi, pp, qq, r1, r2,r3, point